Scientists discover an 'ocean planet' where a year lasts 11 days

Scientists have uncovered a 'aqua planet' that resembles Kevin Costner's post-apocalyptic action thriller Waterworld from 1995. They claim the world, which is 100 light-years away, is totally covered in water, comparable to some of Jupiter's and Saturn's moons. It is slightly larger and heavier than Earth, and it is far enough away from its star to host life. An multinational team of researchers discovered TOI-1452 b, an exoplanet orbiting one of two tiny stars in a binary system in the Draco constellation. They were led by Charles Cadieux, a PhD student at the Université de Montréal and member of the Institute for Research on Exoplanets (iREx). It was NASA's space telescope TESS, which surveys the entire sky in search of planetary systems close to our own, that put the researchers on the trail of the exoplanet. A signal from TESS showed a slight decrease in brightness every 11 days, allowing astronomers to predict the existence of a planet about 70 per cent larger than Earth. 'I'm extremely proud of this discovery because it shows the high calibre of our researchers and instrumentation,' said René Doyon, Université de Montréal Professor and Director of iREx and of the Observatoire du Mont-Mégantic (OMM). 'It is thanks to the OMM, a special instrument designed in our labs called SPIRou, and an innovative analytic method developed by our research team that we were able to detect this one-of-a-kind exoplanet.' The exoplanet's host star TOI-1452 is much smaller than our sun and is one of two stars of similar size in the binary system. The two stars orbit each other and are separated by such a small distance – 97 astronomical units, or about two and a half times the distance between the sun and Pluto – that the TESS telescope sees them as a single point of light. However, through further observations astronomers were able to establish that TOI-1452 b does orbit TOI-1452. It then took them more than 50 hours to estimate the planet's mass, which is believed to be nearly five times that of Earth. The exoplanet TOI-1452 b is probably rocky like our planet, but its radius, mass, and density suggest a world very different from our own, the experts suggest. Earth is essentially a very dry planet. Even though it is sometimes referred to as the Blue Planet, because about 70 per cent of its surface is covered by ocean, water actually only makes up a negligible fraction of its mass — less than 1 per cent. In recent years, astronomers have identified and determined the radius and mass of many exoplanets with a size between that of Earth and Neptune (about 3.8 times larger than Earth). Some of these have a density that can only be explained if a large fraction of their mass is made up of lighter materials than those that make up the internal structure of the Earth such as water. These hypothetical worlds have been dubbed 'ocean planets'. 'TOI-1452 b is one of the best candidates for an ocean planet that we have found to date,' said Cadieux. 'Its radius and mass suggest a much lower density than what one would expect for a planet that is basically made up of metal and rock, like Earth.' Water may account for up to 30% of TOI-1452 b's mass, a proportion close to that of some natural satellites in our Solar System, such as Jupiter's moons Ganymede and Callisto, and Saturn's moons Titan and Enceladus. TOI-1452 b is hoped to be an ideal candidate for additional observation by NASA's new $10 billion (£7.4 billion) James Webb Space Telescope, which began scientific studies last month.